As it makes its way towards the ground, it is depleted when passing through the atmosphere. The incoming solar radiation is reduced by the atmosphere before reaching the earth and is a good indicator of cloudiness during daylight hours. The earths closest approach to the sun occurs around january 4th and. Spectral distribution of extraterrestrial radiation 2. The dem has been used very efficiently for modeling in the gis platform in climate and hydrological and other sciences 3. The solar constant the intensity of solar irradiation directly outside the earths atmosphere on a horizontal surface is almost constant at around 1,360 wm 2. Environments extreme terrestrial and extraterrestrial. The amount of solar radiation intercepted by the earth, is called extraterrestrial radiation.
Handout 1 solar physics and extraterrestrial radiation spring 2012. The knowledge of extraterrestrial solar radiation is essential for solar applications, within them is the sun tracking. Attentuation of the extraterrestrial solar radiation by. Monthly average extraterrestrial daily solar radiation on a horizontal surface,solar constant,latitude,monthly average day,day number,monthly average declination of sun,monthly average sunset hour angle. The fundamentals of solar and terrestrial radiation the energy source that drives the earths atmosphere, oceans and our weather last time. Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem. Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem productivity lianhong gu,1 dennis baldocchi,1 shashi b. Methods and measurements basically summarizes instruments used in routine measurements of solar and terrestrial radiation at the earths surface. The major radionuclides of concern are potassium, uranium and thorium and their decay products, some of which, like radium and radon are intensely radioactive but occur in low concentrations. Solar or shortwave radiation data were used to indicate the degree ofcloudiness. Extraterrestrial radiation it is usually expressed in irradiance units watts per square meter on a plane normal to the sun.
Solar radiation at the earths surface varies from the solar radiation incident on the earths atmosphere. What is the difference between insolation and terrestrial. Figure 3 shows moons spectral radiation it is actually about moons albedo. The overall levels of terrestrial external radiation are low. Pdf in this paper, equations have been developed to estimate diffuse fraction of the hourly, daily and monthly global insolation on a horizontal. Extraterrestrial radiation on horizontal plane over a time in terval. Longterm changes in the chemical composition of earths atmosphere and the effects on uv flux and on radiogenic dna damage. On average, less than half of extra terrestrial radiation reaches ground level. I beleive the similarity is that both of the radiations originated from the sun. Extraterrestrial radiation pv performance modeling. Air mass represents how much atmosphere the solar radiation has to pass through before reaching the earthpass through before reaching the earthsssurface surface air mass am equals 1.
Intensity of the light varies from 50 % to 70 % of initial extraterrestrial radiation and about 7 % to. Regional and monthly assessment of extraterrestrial solar. Understanding the effects of the earths movements and atmospheric conditions on the solar energy received on the earths surface. Handout 1 solar physics and extraterrestrial radiation.
After shading a light on the extraterrestrial solar radiation in the chapter 3 it is important to evaluate the global terrestrial solar radiation and its. Insolation is radiation that comes from the sun in the form of electromagnetic waves. Terrestrial solar radiation while the solar radiation incident on the earths atmosphere is relatively constant, the radiation at the earths surface varies widely due to. Hence, the presence of direct solar radiation in february, march and april which are 30. Because of their notorious resistance and longevity, bacterial spores have also been studied as.
Solar radiation 5800 k 2000 k k 800 k 300 k 100 k 50 k 20 12. Extraterrestrial radiation is the intensity power of the sun at the top of the earths atmosphere. The fundamentals of solar and terrestrial radiation radiation. Difference between solar radiation and terrestrial radiation. The extraterrestrial radiation is the radiation which is incident outside the earths surface.
Electromagnetic radiation radiation waves exhibit characteristics of both. Albedo, clearness of sky, ecliptic, electromagnetic spectrum, extraterrestrial radiation, incident radiation, insolation contents 1. Advantages of diffuse radiation for terrestrial ecosystem productivity. The intent is to make this a good starting point for researchers new to either space, radiation, or both. Cloud cover, air pollution, latitude of a location, and the time of the year can all cause variations in solar radiance at the earths surface. In that case, it is about a reflected extraterrestrial radiation weakened due to diffusion and absorption in the atmosphere by night. These include both cosmic radiation and environmental radioactivity from naturally occurring radioactive materials such.
The difference between solar and terrestrial radiation. The limited availability of solar radiation data, and especially diffuse irradiance values. Extraterrestrial radiation an overview sciencedirect. Calculation of extraterrestrial solar radiation to horizontal surface at top of atmosphere output can be watts per square meter wm2 or equivalent evaporated water depth mmd latitude decimal degrees, southern hemisphere is negative. Radiation budget of the earth atmospheric system what is latitudinal heat balance. Renne, in advances in solar heating and cooling, 2016.
A series of equations is offered to compute the extra terrestrial total radiation for any instant and for any inclined surface. The following is a list of the components of solar and terrestrial radiation and their approximate wavelength ranges. This yearly amount of radiation is similar to the amount of radiation from two chest xrays. It varies throughout the year because of the earths elliptical orbit, which results in the earthsun distance varying during the year in a predictable way. Computed values of solar spectral irradiance at ground level for different air mass values and various levels of.
On average the extraterrestrial irradiance is 61 wattsmeter 2 wm 2. Earths atmosphere generally permits the free passage of. The solar radiation or irradiance at the top of the earths atmosphere is called extraterrestrial radiation and the current accepted value for this solar constant now referred to as the total sky irradiance is 66 wm 2. Data on the spectrum of this radiation is available and a value of 67 wm2 for the solar constant is accepted in solar literature. Approximately 30% of extraterrestrial solar power is absorbed or reflected by the atmosphere before reaching the. Terrestrial radiation is the energy released by the earth itself as opposed to solar radiation that it receives from the sun. Solar and terrestrial radiation flashcards quizlet. A series of equations is offered to compute the extraterrestrial total radiation for any instant and for any inclined surface. Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the earths surface and atmosphere is called terrestrial or longwave radiation the latter being the preference of the world meteorological organization.
All naturally occurring terrestrial radiation is the direct byproduct of nuclear fission. Terrestrial radiation definition of terrestrial radiation. It is usually expressed in irradiance units watts per square meter on a plane normal to the sun. The different regions are described by their wavelength range within the broad band range of 0. Heating of earths surface and lower atmosphere as a consequence of differences in atmospheric transparency to electromagnetic radiation.
Short essay on atmospheric depletion of solar radiation free essay on the theories involving a change in solar radiation what is the difference between box type solar cooker and reflector type. The solar radiation or irradiance at the top of the earths atmosphere is called extraterrestrial radiation and the current accepted value for this solar constant. Although in some models from the literature the extraterrestrial solar radiation is considered constant 9, the model of extraterrestrial solar radiation for a certain location could be expressed by the relation below. The energy flow within the sun results in a surface temperature of around 5800 k, so the spectrum of the radiation from the sun is similar to that of a 5800 k blackbody with fine structure due to absorption in the cool peripheral solar gas fraunhofer lines. Some examples of terrestrial and extraterrestrial solar measurements are presented. Terrestrial infrared radiation is absorbed and radiated primarily by water vapor and. The most important factors controlling extraterrestrial radiation dose experienced on earth include.
May 05, 2020 welcome to the health risks of extraterrestrial environments three, an encyclopedic site whose goal is to present a discussion of the space radiation environment and its health risks to humans. Discussion on solar radiation and its types with important. Estimation of global and diffuse solar radiation for kebbi. Identifying the instruments used for measuring solar radiation. Radiation from the sun sustains life on earth and determines climate. Defining of the intensity of solar radiation on horizontal and oblique surfaces on earth 79 december 20th summer longest daylight on the south hemisphere, i. In extreme cases, the highly magnetized solar plasma released during a strong cme can damage communications satellites, and the associated auroral current can short out electrical grids. On average, less than half of extraterrestrial radiation reaches ground level. The energy emitted by the sun is virtually invariant, estimated to be about 0. Extraterrestrial radiation solar radiation incident outside the earths atmosphere is called extraterrestrial radiation. The average annual dose due to terrestrial external radiation exposure is 0. Because of developments in this field, these certain instruments are sufficiently relevant for meteorological and climatological purposes. Estimating solar irradiation absorbed by photovoltaic. The earths atmosphere is the source of the greatest uncertainty in predicting solar radiation incident on a solar collector.
Difference between extraterrestrial and terrestrial duration. Solar radiation models and information for renewable energy applications. Accurate solar radiation data are essential for the development of solar energy application systems. Solar radiation is radiation and energy off the sun, however, only some of the radiation reches the eaths surface. Computed values of solar spectral irradiance at ground level for different air mass values and various levels of atmospheric pollution or turbidity are also presented. Pdf diffuse, global and extraterrestrial solar radiation. Background radiation is a measure of the level of ionizing radiation present in the environment at a particular location which is not due to deliberate introduction of radiation sources background radiation originates from a variety of sources, both natural and artificial.
In two or more complete sentences explain the similarities. Terrestrial radiation is a term used to describe infrared radiation emitted from the atmosphere. Even when the sky is very clear with no clouds, approximately 20 % to 30 % of. Solar radiation is absorbed, scattered and reflected by components ofand reflected by components of the atmosphere the amount of radiation reachingthe amount of radiation reaching the earth is less than what entered the top of the atmosphere we classify it inatmosphere. Global radiation on horizontal and tilted planes over a time. During its path downwards to the earth surface, the constituents of the atmosphere deplete the incident solar radiation. Pdf diffuse, global and extraterrestrial solar radiation for singapore. Apart from the energy generated by the decay of radioactive minerals in rock, the energy that drives terrestrial radiation ultimately comes from the sun, and it is a major factor in the study of global warming. Since these bodies exhibit temperatures in the range 200300 k, terrestrial radiation lies in the infrared portion of the electromagnetic spectrum.
Solar radiation heat balance and temperature ncert class 11. Clouds and aerosols alter the proportion of diffuse radiation in global solar radiation reaching the earths surface. Due to the change in distance between earth and sun, there is a seasonal variation in the extraterrestrial rate. Extraterrestrial solar radiation is the main source of terrestrial solar radiation components. The energy emitted by the sun is virtually invariant, estimated to be. Extraterrestrial radiation and the atmosphere eme 811. This presentation contains a description of solar radiation instrumentation. Thus, related to the title, solar radiation is short wave radiation, whereas terrestrial radiation, otherwise the heat which is lost from the ground to the atmosphere, particularly during a clear night, is long wave radiation. Diffuse, global and extraterrestrial solar radiation for. The characteristics of pyrheliometers and pyranometers are discussed. The solar constant is the average value of solar irradiance outside the earths atmosphere, about 66 wm. Terrestrial radiation is energry that is emmited from the earth from the parts of solar radiation.
Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Incoming solar radiation, or insolation, arrives at the earth as magnetic energy waves and high speed particles. Approximately 47% of the incident extraterrestrial solar radiation is in the visible wavelengths from 380 nm to 780 nm. The health risks of extraterrestrial environments three.
Terrestrial radiation comes from the earth and its atmosphere. Rezachek,david allendevelopment of a solar pond system design computer model. Difference between solar radiation and terrestrial radiation are. It is known that diffuse and direct beam radiation differ in the way they transfer. Belessiotis laboratory for solar and other energy systems, national center for scientific research demokritos, greece keywords. Solar spectral irradiance extraterrestrial blackbody radiation characteristics. Introduction to solar radiation measurement of solar irradiation example of global total irradiance on a horizontal surface for a mostly clear day and a mostly cloudy day in greenbelt, md thekaekara, 1976.
During the spring and autumn equinox, on march 21st and september 22nd the declination angle is 0. Some examples of terrestrial and extra terrestrial solar measurements are presented. Extraterrestrial radiation an overview sciencedirect topics. The infrared portion of the spectrum with wavelengths greater than 780 nm account for another 46% of the incident energy and the ultraviolet portion of the spectrum is with wavelengths below 380 nm accounts for 7% of the.